Witnesses under Indian Evidence Act
Witnesses play a crucial role in various legal, social, and investigative contexts. A witness is an individual who has direct …
Estoppel It’s Nature & Scope
Estoppel Estoppel is a legal doctrine that prevents a person from asserting a particular fact or claim in a legal …
Burden of Proof & Presumptions under Indian Evidence Act, 1872
The concept of “burden of proof” is fundamental in the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, as it determines which party in …
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Exclusion of Oral Evidence by Documentary Evidence
In legal proceedings, there are instances where oral evidence (evidence provided by witnesses through spoken testimony) may be excluded or …
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Documentary Evidence
Documentary evidence refers to written or printed documents, records, or physical materials that are presented in a legal proceeding as …
Oral Evidence
What is Oral Evidence Oral evidence refers to the testimony or statements given by witnesses in a legal proceeding, such …
Facts which need not be Proved
The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, provides certain exceptions to the general rule that facts in issue or relevant facts must …
Relevancy of character under Indian Evidence Act, 1872
The concept of “relevancy of character” under the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 pertains to the admissibility of evidence related to …
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Grounds of Rejection of Plaint
The plaint in the civil case is the initiator of the suit. Civil Procedure Code 1908 provides for rejection of …
Expert Opinion
Expert Opinion under I.E.A Expert opinion refers to the testimony or judgment offered in court by a qualified expert witness …